[Bhumit267]

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new algorithms include a corresponding test class that validates their functionality.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

Description

Prevents unbounded infinite recursion leading to StackOverflowError in BinomialCoefficient.binomialCoefficient when negative arguments are passed.

Problem

In com.thealgorithms.maths.BinomialCoefficient, the recursive method:

public static int binomialCoefficient(int totalObjects, int numberOfObjects)

did not validate against negative inputs. Calling binomialCoefficient(5, -1) failed to satisfy the base cases (numberOfObjects > totalObjects is false, and equality checks fail) and recursively decremented numberOfObjects indefinitely (-2, -3, -4, ...), causing a java.lang.StackOverflowError.

Changes

• Added input validation at the entry of binomialCoefficient to throw IllegalArgumentException when totalObjects < 0 || numberOfObjects < 0.
• Updated Javadoc to document @throws IllegalArgumentException if totalObjects or numberOfObjects is negative.
• Added regression tests in BinomialCoefficientTest validating that negative inputs throw IllegalArgumentException, and added boundary tests for (5, 6) and (0, 0).

Tests

• Passed mvn test -Dtest=BinomialCoefficientTest (2 tests, 0 failures)
• Passed mvn checkstyle:check (0 violations)

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 82.27%. Comparing base (4f535f5) to head (9855e08).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##             master    #7730   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage     82.26%   82.27%           
- Complexity     8408     8410    +2     
=========================================
  Files           843      843           
  Lines         26142    26144    +2     
  Branches       5101     5102    +1     
=========================================
+ Hits          21507    21510    +3     
+ Misses         3843     3842    -1     
  Partials        792      792           

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[alxkm]

Looks good. Thank you for the contribution.